The Rio Mambucaba flows through Serra da Bocaina National Park, passing through Atlantic Forest before reaching the coast near the town of Mambucaba. The river is primarily known for whitewater rafting, with rapids rated Class II and III in the section near the coast, making it accessible to beginners as well as more experienced paddlers. The water is crystal clear, and the surrounding landscape includes rock walls, waterfalls, and historic ruins along the banks.

Organized rafting trips on the river typically run around seven hours in duration. Minimum participant age for commercial trips is 12 years, and operators advise against participation for those with spinal injuries, cardiovascular conditions, or pregnancy. A high level of physical fitness is recommended. Commercial trips generally include gear, a guide, snacks, transport, and insurance.

Tributaries of the Mambucaba feed a number of waterfalls within the national park, including Cachoeira Chapéu do Sol (also known as Joelão) and Cachoeira de Melancia, which are visible from the river corridor and surrounding trails. The forest along the river supports wildlife including spider monkeys. The river runs through the Costa Verde region, situated between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, an area characterized by Atlantic rainforest and a mountainous interior.