The Río Orosmayo is an arroyo, or stream, located in the high-altitude Rinconada Department of Jujuy Province, Argentina. It flows through the central part of the Quebrada de Humahuaca and has a total course of approximately 180 kilometers, originating from the area of San Salvador de Jujuy. The river's character is defined by its extreme elevation, with specific points reported at 3,614 meters and 3,892 meters above sea level, indicating a high-altitude, mountainous environment. The river passes near the locality of San Juan de Oros, and a specific three-kilometer stretch between the settlements of Orosmayo and Liviara is noted as being highly impacted by human activity, which may affect water quality and the surrounding landscape. The region's geology is significant, with the river's alluvial deposits known to contain gold, heavy minerals, and rare earth elements. For paddlers, this suggests a remote and challenging high-desert environment with potentially cold water temperatures consistent with its altitude.