The Río Palena is one of the more distinctive river systems in northern Patagonia, flowing from its origins in the Andean cordillera all the way to the Pacific Ocean. It passes through the towns of Palena, La Junta, and Raúl Marín Balmaceda — historically known as Alto Palena, Medio Palena, and Bajo Palena respectively — making it navigable across a considerable stretch of both the Los Lagos and Aysén regions. The river's course takes it from open pampas terrain through Andean valleys before reaching the coast, giving it a varied character along its length.

Kayaking and rafting are both practiced on the Río Palena. The river is also well regarded for fly fishing, particularly for large wild brown and rainbow trout, which means paddlers may share the water with anglers during the fishing season. At least one lodge operates along the river's banks in the Andean valley section, offering access to inflatable kayaks and jet boats, which suggests the river sees a mix of paddle and motorized craft in that area.

The broader Aysén region is characterized by exceptional freshwater quality, and the Río Palena is considered one of the region's principal river systems. The surrounding landscape reflects the transition from Patagonian steppe to Andean forest, with the river corridor offering access to the remote wilderness that defines this part of Chile. The Carretera Austral runs through the region and connects the towns along the river's route, providing a practical overland corridor for trip logistics.