The River Foyle is a wide tidal river in Northern Ireland, flowing through Derry/Londonderry before opening into Lough Foyle and ultimately reaching the Atlantic Ocean. The trail covers approximately 53 km in total, making it one of the more substantial canoe trails in the region. The river's tidal nature is a defining characteristic of the paddling experience, and both tides and winds have a serious impact on conditions — these factors require careful planning before any trip.

A well-used access point is the City of Derry Boathouse and Foyle Search & Rescue slipway, located at approximately 54.984°N, 7.332°W. From this launch, paddlers heading north pass through Derry city, going under Craigavon Bridge, the Peace Bridge, and Foyle Bridge before reaching Lough Foyle. Heading south from the same point offers a more rural paddle through open countryside. Another notable put-in is at Prehen, which serves as the start point for organised racing events including a 10 km course to the Foyle Bridge and back, and a 3.5 km course to the Peace Bridge.

The river passes through historically and culturally significant surroundings. Derry/Londonderry is one of the oldest cities in Ireland, with a history stretching back to a monastery established by St Columba in 547 AD. The riverbanks feature notable landmarks including the Peace Bridge, a 312-metre pedestrian and cycling bridge opened in 2011, as well as Craigavon Bridge and Foyle Bridge. The river has long been central to the city's industrial and commercial life, and large vessels still use it to transport cargo to Londonderry Port.

The Foyle Canoe Trail can be connected to both the North Coast Sea Kayak Trail and the East Coast Canoe Trail, offering extended multi-day expedition options. Riverside campsites are available along the route, making overnight trips feasible. The river and its surroundings support diverse wildlife, and the broader Lough Foyle area has significant ecological interest.

Boat categories suitable for the river include kayaks, sea kayaks, open canoes, and stand-up paddleboards. The Foyle Paddlers Canoe Club is based in the area and organises events on the river, including the annual Foyle Race held as part of the Foyle Maritime Festival.