Shoal Creek originates in the highlands of southern Barry County, Missouri, near Seligman, flowing northwest through Newton County before crossing into Cherokee County, Kansas. The creek derives its name from the extensive gravel shoals and riffles that characterize much of its 81.5-mile course. This tributary of the Spring River drains approximately 472 square miles across the Springfield Plateau, with its lower reaches eventually feeding into Grand Lake O' the Cherokees in Oklahoma.

The creek's character changes substantially along its length. In Barry County, Shoal Creek begins as a smaller stream flowing through agricultural lands and scattered forest. As it enters Newton County, the creek gains volume and passes through increasingly varied terrain, including the notable chert glades near Joplin—globally unique limestone glade ecosystems. Grand Falls, located south of Joplin, represents Missouri's largest continuously flowing natural waterfall at 25 feet high, spanning the creek's entire width. This dramatic feature was once surrounded by recreational facilities in the early 20th century, with the Missouri Pacific Railroad shuttling visitors to the site.

Paddling opportunities exist primarily during periods of adequate flow, typically spring through early summer. The creek's gradient averages approximately 10 feet per mile, creating a mix of flatwater sections and lively riffles over gravel and cobble substrates. Water quality concerns related to agricultural runoff and urban development, particularly in the upper basin, have been documented by monitoring agencies. The creek serves as a drinking water source for Joplin and Neosho, with water quality studies conducted since the 1990s tracking fecal coliform levels and nutrient concentrations.

The aquatic community includes smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, spotted bass, rock bass, and channel catfish. The creek supports several species of conservation concern, including the Arkansas darter and various mussel species. Riparian corridors vary considerably, with some reaches featuring well-developed wooded buffers while others show impacts from livestock access and land clearing.

Access points include Wildcat Park in Joplin, which provides facilities and proximity to the chert glades and Grand Falls. Additional access exists at various road crossings throughout Newton County. The creek flows through both rural agricultural areas and the urban fringe of Joplin, Missouri's fourth-largest city.

Paddlers should be aware of private property boundaries, potential low-water conditions during summer and fall, and water quality advisories. The creek's flow can fluctuate significantly with rainfall, and some sections may become too shallow for navigation during dry periods. Local regulations regarding access and navigation should be confirmed before trips.