The Muskingum River is the longest navigable river lying entirely within Ohio, flowing south for 112 miles from the confluence of the Tuscarawas and Walhonding Rivers in Coshocton to its mouth at the Ohio River in Marietta. Major tributaries include the Licking River, which joins at Zanesville. The river offers diverse paddling opportunities, from leisurely flatwater stretches to more challenging sections with locks and dams. Popular paddling routes include Coshocton to Dresden (30 miles), Zanesville to Stockport (18 miles), and McConnelsville to Beverly (30 miles). The entire river can be paddled from Coshocton to Marietta (approximately 75 miles) for a multi-day adventure.

Overall, the Muskingum is considered a flatwater river suitable for novice to intermediate paddlers. However, navigating the historic lock system requires some skill and preparation. The river is best paddled in spring, summer, and fall, with autumn offering cooler temperatures and scenic foliage. Summer paddling can be hot with little shade along some stretches.

The river valley supports diverse wildlife, including bald eagles, herons, and various fish species. Paddlers may encounter deer, turtles, and waterfowl along the forested banks. Key landmarks include the famous Y-Bridge in Zanesville, the historic lock and dam system, and several quaint river towns. The Muskingum River Navigation Historic District, encompassing the locks and dams, is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Major access points include Coshocton, Dresden, Zanesville, McConnelsville, Beverly, and Marietta. Many of these towns offer amenities for paddlers, including camping at some lock sites.

The Muskingum played a crucial role in Ohio's early development, serving as a major transportation route. Today, its lock and dam system, built in the 1840s, is the only remaining hand-operated system in the United States, offering paddlers a unique historical experience.

Safety considerations include checking water levels and lock operations before trips, as low water can create challenging conditions. Paddlers must also be aware of commercial traffic, especially near Marietta where the Muskingum meets the Ohio River. For multi-day trips, paddlers can camp at designated sites along the river, including Luke Chute Lock #5 and Ellis Lock #11. These longer journeys offer an immersive experience of the river's natural beauty and rich history.