The Blackwater River originates in the Canaan Valley of Tucker County, West Virginia, flowing northward through a scenic gorge before joining the Cheat River. Its primary tributaries include the North Fork Blackwater, which joins the main stem near the town of Thomas. The river's watershed encompasses parts of the Monongahela National Forest and Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge.

Paddling opportunities on the Blackwater range from placid flatwater to intense whitewater. The Upper Blackwater section, beginning below Blackwater Falls, offers a challenging Class IV-V run through a deep canyon with numerous boulder drops and excellent boofing features. The Lower Blackwater, or Blackwater Canyon, continues the technical whitewater with Class IV-V rapids. For less experienced paddlers, the Canaan Valley Wildlife Refuge section provides a more relaxed Class I experience through wetlands and forests.

The North Fork Blackwater is renowned as an expert-level creek run, starting with the formidable 40-foot Douglas Falls and continuing with steep slides and boulder gardens. Notable rapids include Gluteal Mash and Double Indemnity. This section demands solid creek boating skills and is only suitable for advanced paddlers.

Water levels significantly impact the river's character and runnability. Spring snowmelt and rainfall typically provide the most reliable flows for whitewater sections, while the gentler Canaan Valley stretch can often be paddled during lower summer levels.

The river corridor supports a diverse ecosystem, including stands of hemlock and northern hardwoods. Wildlife such as black bear, white-tailed deer, and numerous bird species inhabit the surrounding forests. The Canaan Valley section is particularly known for its unique wetland habitats.

Key access points include the put-in below Blackwater Falls State Park, the North Fork confluence, and the take-out at Hendricks. The towns of Davis and Thomas serve as nearby hubs for paddlers. A new accessible kayak launch at the end of Camp 70 Road has improved river access for paddlers of all abilities.

The Blackwater River played a significant role in the region's logging and coal mining history, with remnants of these industries still visible along its banks. Today, it's a vital recreational resource, attracting paddlers, anglers, and outdoor enthusiasts from across the region.

Safety considerations include the river's remote nature, cold water temperatures, and the presence of strainers and undercut rocks in whitewater sections. Paddlers should always check current conditions and consult local experts before attempting any section, particularly the more challenging whitewater runs.