The Ashuelot River is a significant waterway in southwestern New Hampshire, originating in the town of Washington and flowing southward for 64 miles before joining the Connecticut River in Hinsdale. This scenic river drains a watershed of approximately 425 square miles, encompassing much of Cheshire County. The Ashuelot offers diverse paddling opportunities, ranging from calm flatwater sections to challenging whitewater.

The upper reaches, flowing through Washington, Lempster, Marlow, and Gilsum, are largely undeveloped and provide a wilderness paddling experience. As the river descends, it gains volume and gradient, creating several notable whitewater sections. One of the most popular paddling stretches is the 6-mile run from Gilsum Gorge to Shaw's Corner in Surry. This section features 4 miles of continuous Class II-III rapids, culminating in a spectacular drop at Shaw's Corner. Intermediate paddlers will find this stretch exhilarating, with features like the S-turn rapids and scenic views of the historic Gilsum Stone Arch Bridge.

For more advanced paddlers, the 3.5-mile section from Ashuelot to Hinsdale offers Class II-IV rapids, with difficulty varying based on water levels. This challenging run includes a dam that requires careful attention and likely portage. The South Branch of the Ashuelot provides additional whitewater opportunities, with a steep 2.3-mile Class III-IV section from Troy to Webb that averages an impressive 91 feet per mile gradient.

Seasonal patterns greatly affect paddling conditions on the Ashuelot. Spring snowmelt and rainfall typically provide the most reliable flows for whitewater enthusiasts, while summer and fall offer pleasant conditions for flatwater paddling in the river's calmer sections. The river corridor supports a diverse ecosystem, with opportunities for wildlife viewing and fishing. The Ashuelot is stocked with trout in its upper reaches and supports populations of smallmouth bass, walleye, and other warm-water species in its lower sections.

Key access points include Surry Road in Gilsum, Shaw's Corner in Surry, and various locations in Keene, Winchester, and Hinsdale. The Ashuelot Rail Trail parallels much of the river's course, providing additional recreational opportunities.

Historically, the Ashuelot played a crucial role in the region's industrial development, powering numerous mills. Today, it serves as a valuable recreational resource while retaining its scenic and ecological importance. Paddlers should be aware of several dams along the river, some of which require portage. The Gilsum Gorge, while not a recommended paddling section, is a notable landmark and can be treacherous in high water. As with any river, checking current conditions and being prepared for changing water levels is essential for a safe and enjoyable experience on the Ashuelot.